There’s supposedly a variety of different spectroscopy methods but what drives the choice of one method over another? If elements drive the colors, how do you parse out individual elements from a compound?
Is there a consistent pattern to how the emission lines relate to what the element looks like before going through the prism? Is there a resource that shows examples of emission lines along with the visible color?
For molecules the elecyrons of the individual atoms are mixed together into their own molecular orbitals that follow the same logic the commenter above had written with respect to energy levels and photons.
I’m specifying this because the OP was asking about individual elements within a molecule, and that’s not how that works. The electrons are shared so you don’t get the emissions from the elements composing the atoms in the molecules on their own.