Sounds quite complicated issues. Did you try with any other distro?

Your battery removal doesn’t cause any of your problems. I’ve used multiple laptops without batteries long-term (even for years) with zero issues.

If any other distro doesn’t resolve your problems, I suspect your motherboard is either corroded or has broken components on it.

Upgrade your card. Amd RX580 should be very cheap as used unit.

echo XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP https://itsfoss.com/find-desktop-environment/

Start your bash script with ‘if’ and ‘then’ and your script is 80% done.