• Lambda@lemmy.ca
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    1 year ago

    After years, and many languages, I still have to say Ada. Kotlin, Rust, Julia, and Nim are my current contenders to overtake, but here’s what Ada does well enough to still be my preferred tool when appropriate:

    • strictness: typically my code works the first time it successfully compiles with few or no bugs. Rust is almost on par in this respect.
    • structure: a corollary of the above is that it forces me to “plan ahead” more than just “start coding” which I find fits my programming style better, and leads to better “Unix Philosophy” product designs. I haven’t found any other language that has the same effect other than maybe Haskell.
    • speed: I honestly find that Ada code outperforms C/C++ code most of the time. The only times C/C++ outperform Ada is after optimizations that come at the cost of readability.
    • multitasking: Ada’s first-class tasks and protected objects are the only way I’ve ever been able to write bug-free concurrent programs that are more complex than async/await and/or producer/consumer structures (and I took a dedicated elective on concurrency at university!). Kotlin is almost on par in this respect with its coroutines.
    • hardware: The fact that Ada basically ships with a hard real-time OS built-in and can compile to e.g. AVR means that all my fancy libraries I’ve written or saved work just as well for a desktop game, a website backend, or an embedded microprocessor. Just look into representation clauses and interrupt pragmas to see its unique powers.
    • design: The whole design of the language has lead it to be the only language where I can consistently return to a multiple year old passion project with no attempt to write maintainable code, and fully understand what its doing and modify it with little effort.
    • tooling: While this is the biggest downside of Ada (see below) gprbuild is still my favourite build tool. I have no idea why strongly-typed build systems aren’t more common. Its always a joy to work in gprbuild, once you get gprbuild working of course.
    • static polymorphism: Ada’s generics are some of the best I’ve found. But they have some limitations that leads us into…

    There are some situation where Ada shows its age:

    • static calculation: I love Nim (and Zig, etc) for the ability to run arbitrary code at compile time. It allows me to describe what would normally be an opaquely initialized data structure or code path in a clear and descriptive manner.
    • terseness: Ada is verbose, that’s not such a big deal, but I find its just a tad too verbose which can lead to some slight difficulty when parsing code. func/proc (Nim) vs fun (Kotlin) vs fn (Rust) doesn’t make much difference to me, but function X returns Y/procedure X starts to add a lot of visual noise to a file.
    • web compilation: The ability for both Kotlin and Nim to compile to either ASM or JS is AWESOME. If I have to write a “full stack” application, Kotlin multiplatform with ktor every day.
    • operator overloading: Only the built-in operators can be overloaded in Ada. It always makes me wish I could overload arbitrary operators. A small thing, but a symptom of…
    • TOOLING: Ada’s tooling is BY FAR the hardest I have ever seen to get working. It takes the “eat your own dog food” too far. The fact that even in Arch Linux you have to install a bootstrap package, then the real package shows how hard it is to get a consistent build environment. ALR is helping in this respect, but is still not quite mature in my opinion.

    Here’s when I use the alternatives, and their biggest weaknesses:

    • Kotlin: anything where I want both one or more JS artifacts and one or more JVM/native artifacts. Weaknesses: performance, static analysis, on the fence about tooling (gradle is cool, but sometimes seems too over-engineered), Biggest weakness: IDE dependency, writing Kotlin outside of IntelliJ is a pain, which is somewhat fair given who maintains it!
    • Rust: so close to beating Ada, if not for two things: ugly code - so many operators and glyphs that pollute the reading experience, maybe I’ll get used to it eventually, but for now I can’t scan Rust code, nor pick up and revisit it nearly as easily as Ada; language scale - I find Rust suffers from the C++ design attitude of “we can add this as a language feature” it takes too much mental effort to hold the entire design of the language in your head, which you sort-of have to do to develop software. Java and C are IMHO the undisputed kings in this respect. After reading through the specifications of both languages, neither will ever have any surprises in store for you. There’s no magic under the hood or special case. All the cool features are done by libraries and rely on the same simple syntax. Every time I learn a new cool thing Rust can do, its at the expense of another edge case in the compiler that modifies my conceptual model of the code.
    • Julia: multiple dispatch and mathematics plus clean module design and easy unicode incorporation leads to clean code for math-y/science-y code.
    • Nim: templates and macros are excellent, concept system gives access to Rust-style traits without all of the additional “ugliness” of Rust, excellent performance, tiny executables. I just find that the syntax can get clunky. The UFCS easily cleans up a lot of the mess that Rust creates with its added features, since it keeps the parsing the same even when using some fancy language feature.

    Thank you for attending my TED talk :P. Any questions?

    • Crackhappy@lemmy.world
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      1 year ago

      That’s a great opinion piece you’ve written there. You could with a little editing and restructuring turn it into an article.

    • Fried_out_Kombi@lemmy.world
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      1 year ago

      I’ve never used Ada (I’ve heard great things, though), and I’ve only used Rust and Kotlin a little bit, but I can at least vouch that Julia and Nim are both supremely lovely languages.

    • Scorchio@lemm.ee
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      1 year ago

      I learned Ada in the early 90s before being plunged into a world of C/C++. I haven’t heard much about it since, but I’m glad to hear it’s alive and kicking. I’ll have to have another look, see if I recognize any of it!

    • Subverb@lemmy.world
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      1 year ago

      I’m an embedded systems C programmer with passing familiarity with Python. To me it seems ridiculous that a language relies on whitespace for blocking. Is that true?

      • Kacarott@feddit.de
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        1 year ago

        It only requires consistent indentation inside blocks, which is what any good code does anyway for readability. So the main difference then is just that you no longer need the redundant curly braces.

      • esscew@lemmy.ml
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        1 year ago

        Yes, unfortunately. There is a lot of tooling around it but it still feels bizarre after years of using it.

        • Subverb@lemmy.world
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          1 year ago

          I’m anal about curly braces in C. I never code without them because I don’t like being ambiguous.

          I never do

          if(i=0) return 0;

          or worse

          if(i=0) return 0;

          I do

          if(i=0) { return(0); }

    • cocobean@bookwormstory.social
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      1 year ago

      I had to use Python for a bit at work and it was confusing

      pipenv, venv, virtualenv, poetry…wtf is all this shit

      a.b vs a['b'] vs a.get('b')…wtf is a KeyError

      • richieadler@lemmy.myserv.one
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        1 year ago

        What happens in other languages you use when you try to access a non-existing key for a hash/map/dict?

        What language do you use that accessing an object attribute is the same that accessing a dict key?

        What knowledge do you have (or not) that KeyError is a mistery to you?

        • Hallainzil@lemmy.world
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          1 year ago

          What language do you use that accessing an object attribute is the same that accessing a dict key?

          Javascript / Typescript.

          • richieadler@lemmy.myserv.one
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            1 year ago

            Because that’s prone to errors. And the Zen of Python includes “explicit is better than implicit” and “Errors should never pass silently”. Languages that do otherwise create bad habits.

      • mim@lemmy.sdf.org
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        1 year ago

        By versatility, I’m also including the ecosystem. Julia doesn’t seem to be anywhere near python on that.

        However, I’ve heard good things, it’s on my to-do list.

  • colonial@lemmy.world
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    1 year ago

    I’m a big fan of Rust.

    • Excellent tooling. The package/build manager (cargo) just works, the compiler’s error messaging is simply unmatched and the IDE story is excellent thanks to rust-analyzer.
    • Rich ecosystem. There’s a crate for almost anything you could need, and endless piles of learning resources.
    • You get the speed and low-level control (if necessary) of C/C++ without all the pain and legacy baggage.
    • The community tends to care a lot about correctness and API design, which is reflected in both the core language and the ecosystem. Rust doesn’t try to hide complexity and pretend things are simple (like Go) - instead, it gives you the tools to manage it head-on.
      • Example: if a function can fail, then it returns a Result and you have to explicitly handle the possibility that something went wrong. There’s no forgetting a null check and slamming face-first into a NullReferenceException or segfault in some other part of your code.
    • It’s expressive. Iterators, generics/traits and other language features make it easy to communicate what’s going on to both the machine and other humans. Even the syntax is designed to support this - you can tell a lot just by looking at a function signature.

    Obviously it’s not all perfect, however.

    • Compile times can drag you down. (rustc is always getting faster, of course, but it’ll probably never be as fast as Go or JVM/NET.)
    • It can be difficult to read at times, especially when code starts leaning heavily into generics and lifetime annotations.
    • Speed and control comes at a cost. No garbage collector means that anyone coming from a managed language (which, hello, that was me) is going to have to rewire their brain to deal with lifetimes, ownership and mutability XOR aliasing. You eventually develop an intuition for how to structure your code to play nice with the compiler, but that takes time.
    • New language features can take a long time to be stabilized and released. The advantage is they tend to be baked all the way through from day one, but the slow pace can be infuriating, especially when big ecosystem advancements are hung up on key additions.
    • ProtonBadger@lemmy.ca
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      1 year ago

      And much time is saved from debugging. It makes a lot of sense that we let the computer/compiler keep an eye on lifetimes, allocations and access so the code is much more correct once it compiles.

      I feel like my old colleagues and I have spent a far too large part of the last 20 years chasing memory issues in C++. We are all fallible, let the compiler do more.

    • floofloof@lemmy.ca
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      1 year ago

      I like the way the compiler doesn’t just tell you there’s a problem, but also gives you advice on ways you may be able to fix it. That’s a smart compiler.

      And I like the way I can write something that runs fast but not feel faintly anxious all the time I’m doing it.

  • httpjames@sh.itjust.works
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    1 year ago

    Go. It’s high level enough in terms of syntax that it’s easy to build complex apps in, and low level enough that I’m able to control pointers, manually run the garbage collector, and benefit from the runtime performance.

    It’s the best of python and JS.

  • darcy@sh.itjust.works
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    1 year ago

    rust thank you for asking

    crab army attack! 🦀🦀🦀🦀🦀🦀🦀🦀🦀🦀🦀🦀🦀🦀🦀🦀🦀🦀🦀🦀🦀🦀🦀🦀🦀🦀🦀🦀🦀🦀🦀

    • pfc@lemmy.ml
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      1 year ago

      rust is really great but rust foundation’s mistakes kinda killing it :/

        • pfc@lemmy.ml
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          1 year ago

          I agree. :) I kinda marked “bad decisions to screw community” thingy.

      • colonial@lemmy.world
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        1 year ago

        I think the stuff with the foundation is kinda overblown by the Internet drama machine. That’s not to say they haven’t made mistakes, but hopefully the leadership council will fix things up.

        Plus, Rust has come into widespread use, so it’ll be very hard to kill.

        • pfc@lemmy.ml
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          1 year ago

          Ah, I do not think it’s really overblown… It’s really a mistake that needs to be fixed up and people screaming to let them know. That is what we should do and it is great!

          Agree by the way, its really hard to kill but i think can be killed if same mistakes happens over and over. Rust is an awesome language, I do not want foundation to overrun it. We should be talking about awesome crates, not an idiot decision made by foundation…

  • M-Reimer@lemmy.world
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    1 year ago

    Python. Works for nearly everything I need. I mostly write small helper tools (most of them shared under a FOSS license) and for my job, I developed a backend API server which sits behind a web application. I also use Python for scientific math stuff as nearly every Matlab also exists for Python.

    I did use Perl a lot before but in my opinion Python took over the role of Perl. I loved Perl for having a module for just about everything but nowadays most Perl modules are unmaintained and you find the “good stuff” for Python.

  • Kissaki@feddit.de
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    1 year ago

    C#. Strong core, a lot of convenience extensions, extensive ecosystem, great docs, great IDE (VS) with suggestions, refacs, lingers, etc.

    • Scorchio@lemm.ee
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      1 year ago

      C# is still my favorite. I’ve been pushed back into a C++ project recently and it’s just painful.

  • XPost3000@lemmy.ml
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    1 year ago

    Python

    It’s real easy to just launch it and get a script going, no need to wait for and ide or a compiler, there’s alot of nice modules, and it’s really API friendly

    I’ve spent more time in the blender python API than I’d like to admit

  • alokir@lemmy.world
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    1 year ago

    Typescript with all strict checks turned on. You get all the good parts of JS with types, and (almost) none of the bad ones.

    It’s quite an expressive language with tons of quality of life features that I constantly miss from other languages.

    • 9point6@lemmy.world
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      Honestly for web/backend dev in 2023: Typescript for 90% of things, Go or Rust for anything else that needs to eek out that extra bit of performance.

      I occasionally write the odd bash script, but really that’s just a novelty way to mix things up half the time

  • tills13@lemmy.world
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    1 year ago

    JavaScript. Stay mad but it’s fun to write, easy to get into, easy to do both visual (e.g. web) and CLI-style code, and it’s awarded me a cushy life, house, and car.

    • thirdBreakfast@lemmy.world
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      1 year ago

      I’ve been around - did COBOL at uni. DOne a lot of commercial work in Delphi and C++. I loved the few months of Swift I tried, but started on webdev 6 months ago. I felt really unsafe in JS, and was looking forward to moving onto Typescript. But, as time’s gone on, I’ve found JS just seems to work how I think it’s going to. I haven’t run into problems with types at all. I assumed I’d end up on a complied language for server side, but the Node ecosystem’s so mature it’s just been efficient to stay in JS land.

      If I was going to teach kids to code, this is where I’d start. Low friction to get going, and powerful enough to run most of the world. Bountiful resources to learn and get support.

    • Cyclohexane@lemmy.ml
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      1 year ago

      I actually like JS too. It is second to python in ease, but way better in terms of tooling and eco system.

      The JavaScript eco system has some issues due to legacy baggage of browsers and design issues with node, but beyond that, the tooling is amazing and powerful.

    • cumcum69@lemmy.world
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      1 year ago

      I can’t use regular js anymore after getting used to typescript. I just get annoyed at myself

  • stillitcomes@lemm.ee
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    1 year ago

    Python. It’s the only one I know :(

    I’ve been trying to learn C# too but object-oriented programming just slides right off my smooth brain lol.

    • Kache@lemmy.one
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      1 year ago

      object-oriented programming just slides right off my smooth brain lol

      Don’t worry, although it’s good to learn, IMO it’s still on the wrong side of overused and overrated and could stand to be applied more selectively than it tends to be.

    • Polpota@lemmy.world
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      1 year ago

      Been learning python for selenium and I love it. I know some C# and Javascript but I enjoy Python a lot more as a newb.

    • Venat0r@lemmy.world
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      1 year ago

      Nothings stopping you from writing object oriented code in python too, or function oriented code in C#.

  • Jeena@jemmy.jeena.net
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    1 year ago

    Haskel, It’s kind of hard to do some stuff which are easy in other languages but if you find a good problem to solve with it, it’s amazing how expressive you can be and how short your code gets compared to all the boilerplate code you have to write with other languages.

  • KyuubiNoKitsune@lemmy.blahaj.zone
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    1 year ago

    Probably the most unpopular opinion here but PowerShell.

    My main reason is that it’s extremely easy to learn and is a good intro to object orientated programming.

    People bash it but it’s extremely easy to inspect objects, get any properties and methods associated with that object or class, walk through all the properties of the object and transform that into whatever you need.

    It has a very fast turnaround time when developing code as you can run tiny snippets at a time and understand their outputs before moving to the next bit.

    I’m not a Dev and end up having to write python from time to time and I hate it. At one point I just needed to understand an object in a variable and I couldn’t do it, the command dir exists but it didn’t give me any of the info I needed. There’s a function in PowerShell called Get-Member (alias: gm) that you can pipe anything to and it will show you all those details of the object.

    It helped me tremendously when I was just starting out.

    Its super powerful, it can do anything C# can do because it’s built on it, you can also run inline C, C# and C++ code with on the fly compilation.

    It’s also OSS and cross platform.

    • 1984@lemmy.today
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      1 year ago

      Oh Jesus no.

      But I knew there must be someone who likes it.

      In python you may have wanted the repr command to see how an object looks like.

      • Hallainzil@lemmy.world
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        1 year ago

        The syntax is often terrible (how it handles escape characters, for instance) but there’s usually a well-meaning backwards compatibility reason for that. It’s also flawed in many many other ways (classes, package management, variable scoping just to name a few).

        But god damn if I can’t bash (no pun intended, har har) out code to do most things very quickly in it. It’s a fantastically accessible language, and it’s a lot more powerful than it gets credit for.

    • ReluctantMuskrat@lemmy.world
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      I’m a developer with 30 years experience in lots of languages and honestly PowerShell one of my favorite. Of course anything is an improvement over batch file scripting but it’s so much better than bash. An object-oriented command line is amazing - such a huge improvment over having to use text-processing tools to parse output. Built-in support for virtually every text file format, easy access to web and rest services, and now that it’s cross-platform and open-source I’m using it consistently on Linux and Macs. I’ve been using it for almost 15 years and it’s sad how few people outside of the Windows eco-system are familiar with it, and even more resistant just because it’s from MS.

      • KyuubiNoKitsune@lemmy.blahaj.zone
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        1 year ago

        Yep, the disparaging comments you get on anything where you mention PowerShell are a sign of some deep rooted prejudices and the unwillingness to learn something new because of them. They’ll rather scoff and pretend that they’re morally superior because hurry durr Microsoft.

        I’m glad that there are people who appreciate it for everything it can and does do. I cringe every time I have to use bash because of just how bad and cumbersome it is to use.

  • HakFoo@lemmy.sdf.org
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    1 year ago

    PHP.

    It picked a niche and fits exactly into it. It’s a language for server side web pages. It’s not a general purpose language shoehorned into the task, so it wisely sets boundaries. PHP could avoid a lot of async/await/promise hell because you can work in the mindset of HTTP requests-- terms of short lived requests that are compiled elsewhere. You don’t have fragile runtime environments (see: server-side JS), since it just plugs into Apache or Nginx, which are at least battle tested and known quantities to operate.

    It’s batteries included. Hell, it’s the entire Duracell company included. The standard library is rich and centrally documented, including decades of community nitpicks, even before you go into composer repos.

    It’s non judgmental. You can write procedural code, or object-oriented code, based on preference and fit to task.

    It makes ad-hoc easy and formal possible-- If I need an array of [227, “Steve” => “meow”, 953 => new FreightLocomotive()] I can get it, or I can enforce types where it’s relevant and mitigates risk.

    • saloe@lemmy.ml
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      PHP really is such a forgiving language and easy to understand and get in to. My favorite part is that every time I have a seemingly very niche and specific use-case, there is a function that just does that thing perfectly and is already included in the base library.

      You said it and I’ll reaffirm: the documentation and online library of SO questions/answers is absolutely priceless. Most of the older versions are still compatible with the latest version, so upgrading is simple and usually just means there are more features you can use now.